ouvrir
ภาษาฝรั่งเศส แก้ไข
รากศัพท์ แก้ไข
จากภาษาฝรั่งเศสกลาง ouvrir, จากภาษาฝรั่งเศสเก่า ovrir, obrir, จากละตินตลาด *operīre
การออกเสียง แก้ไข
- สัทอักษรสากล(คำอธิบาย): /u.vʁiʁ/
(file)
คำกริยา แก้ไข
ouvrir
This verb is conjugated like couvrir and offrir. It is conjugated like a regular -er verb in the present and imperfect indicative, present subjunctive, imperative, and present participle; it is conjugated like a regular -ir verb in the infinitive, future indicative, conditional, past historic, and imperfect subjunctive; and its past participle {stem}ert is irregular.
การผันรูปของ ouvrir (ดูเพิ่ม ภาคผนวก:คำกริยาภาษาฝรั่งเศส)
| infinitive | simple | ouvrir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | ouvrant /u.vʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | ouvert /u.vɛʁ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ouvre /uvʁ/ |
ouvres /uvʁ/ |
ouvre /uvʁ/ |
ouvrons /u.vʁɔ̃/ |
ouvrez /u.vʁe/ |
ouvrent /uvʁ/ |
| imperfect | ouvrais /u.vʁɛ/ |
ouvrais /u.vʁɛ/ |
ouvrait /u.vʁɛ/ |
ouvrions /u.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
ouvriez /u.vʁi.je/ |
ouvraient /u.vʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | ouvris /u.vʁi/ |
ouvris /u.vʁi/ |
ouvrit /u.vʁi/ |
ouvrîmes /u.vʁim/ |
ouvrîtes /u.vʁit/ |
ouvrirent /u.vʁiʁ/ | |
| future | ouvrirai /u.vʁi.ʁe/ |
ouvriras /u.vʁi.ʁa/ |
ouvrira /u.vʁi.ʁa/ |
ouvrirons /u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/ |
ouvrirez /u.vʁi.ʁe/ |
ouvriront /u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | ouvrirais /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
ouvrirais /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
ouvrirait /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
ouvririons /u.vʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
ouvririez /u.vʁi.ʁje/ |
ouvriraient /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ouvre /uvʁ/ |
ouvres /uvʁ/ |
ouvre /uvʁ/ |
ouvrions /u.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
ouvriez /u.vʁi.je/ |
ouvrent /uvʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | ouvrisse /u.vʁis/ |
ouvrisses /u.vʁis/ |
ouvrît /u.vʁi/ |
ouvrissions /u.vʁi.sjɔ̃/ |
ouvrissiez /u.vʁi.sje/ |
ouvrissent /u.vʁis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ouvre /uvʁ/ |
— | ouvrons /u.vʁɔ̃/ |
ouvrez /u.vʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||