plonger
ภาษาฝรั่งเศส แก้ไข
รากศัพท์ แก้ไข
จากภาษาฝรั่งเศสเก่า plongier, จากละตินตลาด *plumbicare, จากภาษาละติน plumbum.
การออกเสียง แก้ไข
- สัทอักษรสากล(คำอธิบาย): /plɔ̃.ʒe/
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คำกริยา แก้ไข
plonger
การผันรูป แก้ไข
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written plonge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
การผันรูปของ plonger (ดูเพิ่ม ภาคผนวก:คำกริยาภาษาฝรั่งเศส)
| infinitive | simple | plonger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | plongeant /plɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | plongé /plɔ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
plonges /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
plongeons /plɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
plongez /plɔ̃.ʒe/ |
plongent /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect | plongeais /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
plongeais /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
plongeait /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
plongions /plɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
plongiez /plɔ̃.ʒje/ |
plongeaient /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | plongeai /plɔ̃.ʒe/ |
plongeas /plɔ̃.ʒa/ |
plongea /plɔ̃.ʒa/ |
plongeâmes /plɔ̃.ʒam/ |
plongeâtes /plɔ̃.ʒat/ |
plongèrent /plɔ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | plongerai /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
plongeras /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
plongera /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
plongerons /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
plongerez /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
plongeront /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | plongerais /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
plongerais /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
plongerait /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
plongerions /plɔ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
plongeriez /plɔ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ |
plongeraient /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
plonges /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
plongions /plɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
plongiez /plɔ̃.ʒje/ |
plongent /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | plongeasse /plɔ̃.ʒas/ |
plongeasses /plɔ̃.ʒas/ |
plongeât /plɔ̃.ʒa/ |
plongeassions /plɔ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
plongeassiez /plɔ̃.ʒa.sje/ |
plongeassent /plɔ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
— | plongeons /plɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
plongez /plɔ̃.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
คำที่เกี่ยวข้อง แก้ไข
อ่านเพิ่ม แก้ไข
- “plonger” ใน le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).