acheter
ภาษาฝรั่งเศส แก้ไข
รากศัพท์ แก้ไข
สืบทอดจากภาษาฝรั่งเศสเก่า acheter, จากละตินตลาด *accattāre หรือ *accaptāre, present active infinitive ของ *accattō หรือ *accaptō, จากภาษาละติน ad + captō. ร่วมเชื้อสายกับภาษานอร์มัน acater (“ซื้อ”), ภาษาซิซิลี accattari (“ซื้อ”), ภาษานาโปลี accattà (“ซื้อ”), ภาษาคอร์ซิกา accattà (“ซื้อ”). เทียบกับภาษาอังกฤษ cater.
การออกเสียง แก้ไข
- สัทอักษรสากล(คำอธิบาย): /aʃ.te/
Audio (France, Paris) (file)
คำกริยา แก้ไข
acheter
การผันรูป แก้ไข
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il achète rather than *il achete. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
| infinitive | simple | acheter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | achetant /aʃ.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | acheté /aʃ.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | achète /a.ʃɛt/ |
achètes /a.ʃɛt/ |
achète /a.ʃɛt/ |
achetons /aʃ.tɔ̃/ |
achetez /aʃ.te/ |
achètent /a.ʃɛt/ |
| imperfect | achetais /aʃ.tɛ/ |
achetais /aʃ.tɛ/ |
achetait /aʃ.tɛ/ |
achetions /a.ʃə.tjɔ̃/ |
achetiez /a.ʃə.tje/ |
achetaient /aʃ.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | achetai /aʃ.te/ |
achetas /aʃ.ta/ |
acheta /aʃ.ta/ |
achetâmes /aʃ.tam/ |
achetâtes /aʃ.tat/ |
achetèrent /aʃ.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | achèterai /a.ʃɛ.tʁe/ or /a.ʃe.tʁe/ |
achèteras /a.ʃɛ.tʁa/ or /a.ʃe.tʁa/ |
achètera /a.ʃɛ.tʁa/ or /a.ʃe.tʁa/ |
achèterons /a.ʃɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɔ̃/ |
achèterez /a.ʃɛ.tʁe/ or /a.ʃe.tʁe/ |
achèteront /a.ʃɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | achèterais /a.ʃɛ.tʁɛ/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɛ/ |
achèterais /a.ʃɛ.tʁɛ/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɛ/ |
achèterait /a.ʃɛ.tʁɛ/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɛ/ |
achèterions /a.ʃɛ.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /a.ʃe.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
achèteriez /a.ʃɛ.tə.ʁje/ or /a.ʃe.tə.ʁje/ |
achèteraient /a.ʃɛ.tʁɛ/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | achète /a.ʃɛt/ |
achètes /a.ʃɛt/ |
achète /a.ʃɛt/ |
achetions /a.ʃə.tjɔ̃/ |
achetiez /a.ʃə.tje/ |
achètent /a.ʃɛt/ |
| imperfect2 | achetasse /aʃ.tas/ |
achetasses /aʃ.tas/ |
achetât /aʃ.ta/ |
achetassions /aʃ.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
achetassiez /aʃ.ta.sje/ |
achetassent /aʃ.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | achète /a.ʃɛt/ |
— | achetons /aʃ.tɔ̃/ |
achetez /aʃ.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
อ่านเพิ่ม แก้ไข
- “acheter” ใน le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).